伽利略·伽利雷，世界知名科学家，他既是物理学家、天文学家、哲学家又是发明家，他发明了温度计和天文望远镜。是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。伽利略（1564～1642）1564年2月15日生于意大利西北部的比萨城，父亲芬琴齐奥·伽利莱精通音乐理论和声学，著有《音乐对话》一书。1574年全家迁往意大利东部的大城市佛罗伦萨。伽利略自幼受父亲的影响，对音乐、诗歌、绘画以及机械兴趣极浓；也像他父亲一样，不迷信权威。17岁时遵从父命进比萨大学学医，可是对医学他感到枯燥无味，而在课外听家族世交、著名学者O·里奇讲欧几里得几何学和伽利略静力学，感到浓厚兴趣。后来成为伟大的物理学家、天文学家、科学革命的先驱，是人类改变世界的大科学家之一。 Galileo Galilei, the world famous scientists, he is a physicist, astronomer, philosopher and inventor, he invented the thermometer and astronomical telescope. Is the modern pioneers of experimental physics, known as the "father of modern science". Galileo (1564 ~ 1642) was born in February 15, 1564 in Italy, northwest of the city of Pisa, father Finn harps ZIO, Galileo Galilei proficient in music theory and acoustic music, author of "dialogue" a book. In 1574 the family moved to the big city of Florence in eastern Italy. Effect of Galileo is influenced by his father, music, poetry, painting and mechanical highly interested; also like his father, not superstitious authority. At the age of 17 comply with his father entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, but dull to medicine in extracurricular listening to him, and family friends, a famous scholar O Ricci told Euclidean geometry and Galileo statics, feel interest. Later became the pioneer of the great physicist, astronomer, scientific revolution, is one of the great scientists of human change the world.
爱因斯坦的资料英文加翻译
China's "qian xuesen's" father of missile, the "father of space, 1938, graduated from Shanghai jiaotong university. People think he is unique, extraordinary, but in my opinion, he is just an ordinary person, but among ordinary but revealed his side's extraordinary.
Qian xue-sen in 1935, to leave their home country to study in the United States, said: "I'm going to study in the United States is temporary, I learn skills will come back to the motherland after the effectiveness of!"
After 20 years, he returned according to oneself, also say to do! He helped China successfully developed missiles, satellites, etc, the bomb, space for the development of China has made outstanding contributions, this is his ordinary and extraordinary!
译文：
中国的“钱学森的”导弹之父，“太空之父”，1938年毕业于上海交通大学。人们认为他是独一无二的，非凡的，但在我看来，他只是一个普通人，但在平凡中却透露出他那方的非凡。
钱学森在1935年离开祖国到美国留学时说：“我去美国留学是暂时的，我学到的技能会在回国后见效的！“20年后，他回来了，照自己说的去做！他帮助中国成功研制了导弹、卫星等，为中国的原子弹、航天发展做出了突出贡献，这是他的平凡和非凡！
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich and he began his schooling there at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.
Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa L?wenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel/Nobel Lectures. The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the Laureate. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
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本文概览：伽利略·伽利雷，世界知名科学家，他既是物理学家、天文学家、哲学家又是发明家，他发明了温度计和天文望远镜。是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。伽利略（1564～16...
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